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PHP와 COM> <PHP 사용하기
Last updated: Fri, 24 Jul 2009

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PHP와 HTML

PHP와 HTML은 많은 연관성을 가지고 있습니다: PHP는 HTML을 생성할 수있고, HTML은 PHP로 정보를 넘겨줄수 있습니다. 이 faq를 읽기전에 외부 변수를 가져오는 방법을 알아야 합니다. 이 주제에 관한 매뉴얼 페이지는 많은 예제도 포함되있습니다. register_globals가 무슨 의미인지도 알아야 합니다.

  1. 폼/URL을 통해서 변수를 넘겨줄때 인코딩(encoding)/디코딩(decoding)이 필요합니까?
  2. <input type="image">태그를 사용하려 합니다. 그런데 $foo.x과 $foo.y변수를 사용할수 없습니다. $_GET['foo.x']도 존재하지 않습니다. 그것들은 어디 있습니까?
  3. <form> 안에 어떻게 배열을 만들수 있습니까?
  4. 다중 선택 (select multiple) HTML 태그에서 어떻게 모든값을 가져올수 있습니까?
  5. 어떻게 하면 자바스크립트에서 PHP로 변수를 넘겨줄수있습니까?

폼/URL을 통해서 변수를 넘겨줄때 인코딩(encoding)/디코딩(decoding)이 필요합니까?

어떤 인코딩을 써야 하는지에 대해서 여러 경우가 존재합니다. string $data라는 변수를 사용한다고 가정하면 그리고 그 스트링의 값을 인코딩되는 않는 방식으로 넘겨주길 원하면, 다음과 같은 경우가 있습니다.

  • HTML 해석. 랜덤한 스트링을 지정하려면, 반드시 큰 따옴표로 막아줘야 합니다. 그리고 그 값을 htmlspecialchars()함수로 처리합니다.

  • URL: URL은 여러 부분으로 구성됩니다. 이 값전체를 하나의 항목으로 해석하길 원한다면, 반드시 urlencode()함수로 인코딩해야합니다.

Example #1 숨겨진 HTML 폼의 엘리먼트(element)

<?php
    echo "<input type='hidden' value='" . htmlspecialchars($data) . "' />\n";
?>

Note: $data를 urlencode()함수로 처리하는것은 잘못된것입니다. 왜냐하면 그 데이터를 urlencode() 처리할 책임은 브라우저에 있기 때문입니다. 많이 사용되는 브라우저는 정확하게 이와같은 일을 처리합니다. 이와같은 일은 메소드(method) (즉, GET이나 POST)에 따라 발생한다는것을 명심하세요. GET 요구의 경우에만 이 일을 처리합니다. POST 요구일때는 숨겨지기때문입니다.

Example #2 유저에 의해 조장되는 데이터

<?php
    echo "<textarea name='mydata'>\n";
    echo htmlspecialchars($data)."\n";
    echo "</textarea>";
?>

Note: 이 데이터는 브라우저에 의해 보여집니다. 왜냐하면 브라우저는 HTML 회피문자(escaped symbol)를 해석할것이기 때문입니다. 폼을 GET이나 POST로 보낼때, 데이터는 전송중에 브라우저에 의해 urlencode되고, PHP에 의해 직접적으로 urldecode될것입니다. 그래서 결국에는 urlencoding/urldecoding할 필요가 없는것입니다. 모든것은 자동적인 처리됩니다.

Example #3 URL 안에서

<?php
    echo "<a href='" . htmlspecialchars("/nextpage.php?stage=23&data=" .
        urlencode($data)) . "'>\n";
?>

Note: 사실 HTML GET 요구처럼 보이게 하는것이므로 이 데이터는 urlencode()를 할 필요가 있습니다.

Note: URL은 HTML속성 값으로 만들어지기 때문에 전체 URL을 htmlspecialchars()함수로 처리해야 합니다. 이 경우에 브라우저는 처음에 이 값을 un-htmlspecialchars()로 처리하고나서 URL을 넘겨주게 됩니다. PHP는 URL을 정확하게 이해할것입니다. 왜냐하면 그 데이터를 urlencoded()처리했기 때문입니다. URL에서 &는 &amp;로 변환이 된다는것을 명심해야 합니다. 이것을 잊었다고 하더라도 대부분의 브라우저는 제대로 처리하겠지만, 항상 그렇지는 않습니다. 그래서 URL이 동적이지 않더라도 URL을 반드시 htmlspecialchars()처리해야 할 것입니다.

<input type="image">태그를 사용하려 합니다. 그런데 $foo.x과 $foo.y변수를 사용할수 없습니다. $_GET['foo.x']도 존재하지 않습니다. 그것들은 어디 있습니까?

폼을 보낼때 표준 submit 버튼을 사용하는 대신에 image버튼을 사용할수 있습니다 

<input type="image" src="image.gif" name="foo" />

유저가 image버튼을 클릭할때, 수행 폼은 추가적인 변수: foo.x와 foo.y을 보낼것입니다.

foo.x와 foo.y변수명은 PHP내에서 유효하지 않은 변수이기 때문에, 자동적으로 foo_x와 foo_y변수명으로 바뀝니다. 즉, 밑줄(underscore)로 변경이 됩니다. 그래서 외부 변수에서 설명된것처럼 다른 방법으로 이 변수를 이용할수 있습니다. 예를 들면 $_GET['foo_x']과 같습니다.

Note: 요청 변수 이름의 공백은 밑줄로 변환됩니다.

<form> 안에 어떻게 배열을 만들수 있습니까?

PHP스크립트에 배열을 보내는 <form>을 만들려면 <input>, <select> 또는 <textarea> 엘리먼트를 다음처럼 이름을 붙여봅니다: 

<input name="MyArray[]" />
<input name="MyArray[]" />
<input name="MyArray[]" />
<input name="MyArray[]" />

변수명의 다음에 대괄호가 있습니다. 그것이 이 변수를 배열로 만들어줍니다. 다른 엘리먼트에 같은 이름을 부여함으로써 그 엘리먼트를 다른 배열로 그룹화할수 있습니다: 

<input name="MyArray[]" />
<input name="MyArray[]" />
<input name="MyOtherArray[]" />
<input name="MyOtherArray[]" />

이것은 두 배열을 만들어냅니다. MyArray와 MyOtherArray배열은 PHP 스크립트로 보내집니다. 또한 배열에 특정 키값을 지정할수 있습니다: 

<input name="AnotherArray[]" />
<input name="AnotherArray[]" />
<input name="AnotherArray[email]" />
<input name="AnotherArray[phone]" />

AnotherArray배열은 0, 1의 키와 email과 phone키를 내포하게 됩니다.

Note: 배열의 키는 HTML에서는 추가적인 특성입니다. 키로 지정하지 않으면 배열은 폼에 보여지는 엘리먼트 순서값으로 채워집니다. 첫번째 예제에서는 0, 1, 2, 3이 키값이 됩니다.

배열 함수 외부 변수를 참고하세요.

다중 선택 (select multiple) HTML 태그에서 어떻게 모든값을 가져올수 있습니까?

다중 선택 태그는 리스트 중에서 여러 아이템을 선택할 수 있게 합니다. 이 아이템들은 폼의 액션 핸들러로 보내집니다. 문제는 그들이 같은 위젯 이름으로 전달이 된다는 것입니다. 즉, 

<select name="var" multiple="yes">

선택된 각 옵션 값은 액션 핸들러에 다음처럼 도착합니다:


var=option1
var=option2
var=option3

각 옵션은 $var변수의 이전 값을 덮어쓸것입니다. 해결방법은 PHP의 "폼 엘리먼트의 배열" 특성을 이용하는 것입니다. 다음처럼 사용합니다. 

<select name="var[]" multiple="yes">

이것은 PHP가 $var변수를 배열로 취급하고 배열의 각 아이템이 var[]로 지정되도록 합니다. 첫번째 아이템은 $var[0] 다음은 $var[1], 등등이 됩니다. count()함수로 몇개의 옵션이 선택되었는지 알수 있습니다. 필요하다면 sort()함수로 옵션 배열을 정렬할수도 있을것입니다.

자바스크립트에서 각 엘리먼트에[]을 사용하는것은 문제가 발생한다는것을 명심해야 합니다. 대신에 숫자 폼의 ID를 사용하기 바랍니다. 또는 작은 따옴표로 변수명을 싸주십시오 그리고 엘리먼트 배열의 인덱스로 사용합니다. 예를 들면 다음과 같습니다.


variable = documents.forms[0].elements['var[]'];

어떻게 하면 자바스크립트에서 PHP로 변수를 넘겨줄수있습니까?

자바스크립트는 (주로) 클라이언트측 기술이고 PHP는 (주로) 서버측 기술이며, HTTP가 "stateless" 프로토콜이므로 두 언어는 직접적으로 변수를 공유할 수 없습니다.

그러나, 둘 사이에 변수를 넘길 수 있습니다. 이를 수행하는 한 방법은 PHP로 자바스크립트 코드를 생성하고, 브라우저가 새로고침 하도록 해서, 지정한 변수를 다시 PHP로 받아올 수 있습니다. 아래 예제가 이 방법을 보여줍니다 -- 이 방법으로 일반적으로 클라이언트 측에서만 가질 수 있는 화면 높이와 너비를 PHP 코드에서 다룰 수 있습니다.

Example #4 PHP로 자바스크립트 생성하기

<?php
if (isset($_GET['width']) AND isset($_GET['height'])) {
  // output the geometry variables
  echo "Screen width is: ". $_GET['width'] ."<br />\n";
  echo "Screen height is: ". $_GET['height'] ."<br />\n";
} else {
  // pass the geometry variables
  // (preserve the original query string
  //   -- post variables will need to handled differently)

  echo "<script language='javascript'>\n";
  echo "  location.href=\"${_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME']}?${_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']}"
            . "&width=\" + screen.width + \"&height=\" + screen.height;\n";
  echo "</script>\n";
  exit();
}
?>



PHP와 COM> <PHP 사용하기
Last updated: Fri, 24 Jul 2009
 
add a note add a note User Contributed Notes
PHP와 HTML
Andreas R.
01-May-2007 09:14
Actually Example 56.1 doesn't conform to what is stated in the text above it, namely:
* HTML interpretation. In order to specify a random string, you must include it in double quotes, and htmlspecialchars() the whole value.
In the example code single quotes are used instead of double quotes:
<?php
     echo "<input type='hidden' value='" . htmlspecialchars($data) . "' />\n";
 ?>
which should be instead:
<?php
     echo "<input type='hidden' value=\"" . htmlspecialchars($data) . "\" />\n";
 ?>
If single quotes are used, they should be escaped too using ENT_QUOTES quote style for htmlspecialchars.
francesco
07-Nov-2006 11:41
Another way to pass variables from JavaScript to PHP.

<script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
<!--
function getScreenResolution()
{
    return document.form.ScreenResolution.value = screen.width + "x" + screen.height;
}
//-->
</script>
<form name="form" action="screen.php?show=ok" method="post" >
<input name="ScreenResolution" type="text" size="20" maxlength="9" />
<input name="show" type="submit" value="Submit" onclick="getScreenResolution()" />
</form>
<?php
    echo $_POST['ScreenResolution'];
?>
tchibolecafe at freemail dot hu
12-Aug-2006 08:34
Notes on question "1. What encoding/decoding do I need when I pass a value through a
form/URL?"

Doing an htmlspecialchars() when echoing a string as an HTML attribute value is not enough to make the string safe if you have accented (non-ASCII) characters in it. See http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/appendix/notes.html#non-ascii-chars

The referred document recommends the following method to be used:

<?php
  function fs_attr($path){
    $retval='';
    for($i=0;$i<strlen($path);$i++){
      $c=$path{$i};
      if(ord($c)<128){
        $retval.=$c;
      }else{
        $retval.=urlencode(utf8_encode($c));
      }
    }
    return htmlspecialchars($retval);
  }

  $img_path='éöüä.jpg';
  echo '<img src="'.fs_attr($img_path).'">';
?>

However, using utf8 encoding for path names is among others supported by Windows NT, above method fails when running for example on an Apache server on Linux.

A more fail safe way:

<?php
        function fs_attr($path){
                $retval='';
                for($i=0;$i<strlen($path);$i++){
                        $c=$path{$i};
                        if(ord($c)<128){
                                $retval.=$c;
                        }else{
                                if(PHP_OS==='WINNT')
                                        $retval.=urlencode(utf8_encode($c));
                                else
                                        $retval.=urlencode($c);
                        }
                }

                return htmlspecialchars($retval);
        }
?>

There may be operating systems that want utf8 encoding, other than WINNT. Even this latter one won't work on those systems. I don't know about any possibility to determine immediately which encoding to be used on the file system of the server...
dot dot dot NO php SPAM at NO willfris dot nl SPAM dot dot dot
12-Jul-2006 07:19
@Torsten{
In http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#C_8 it says:
"Unfortunately, this constraint cannot be expressed in the XHTML 1.0 DTDs."
}

http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#C_8 also says: "When defining fragment identifiers to be backward-compatible, only strings matching the pattern [A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9:_.-]* should be used."
I'll come back to this.

Since it's all about fragment identifiers, I can't see why using an array like arrayname[] would be used. I think arrayname[name] should be used this way the fragment identifiers stay unique.
Since [ and ] are not allowed, why not use something what is allowed and use str_replace?
example:   :_. = [ & ._: = ]   so: name="arrayname:_.name._:" OR name="arrayname:_.0._:" and offcourse also add the id attribute then for backward compatibility.
Torsten
23-Feb-2006 07:30
Section C.8 of the XHTML spec's compatability guidelines apply to the use of the name attribute as a fragment identifier.  If you check the DTD you'll find that the 'name' attribute is still defined as CDATA for form elements.
jetboy
31-Dec-2005 12:06
While previous notes stating that square brackets in the name attribute are valid in HTML 4 are correct, according to this:

http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#C_8

the type of the name attribute has been changed in XHTML 1.0, meaning that square brackets in XHTML's name attribute are not valid.

Regardless, at the time of writing, the W3C's validator doesn't pick this up on a XHTML document.
FatalError
30-Dec-2005 07:29
Actually, you can pass variables between JavaScript and PHP without even refreshing the page. To do this, you have to use AJAX, which is what dmsuperman at comcast dot net was showing in that example.
tms at infamous dot net
23-Nov-2005 11:23
Regarding drane's claim that square brackets ([]) in form input elements (as PHP uses for arrays in forms) are invalid HTML: the NAME attribute of an input element is CDATA, not NAME or ID.

Square brackets are allowed in CDATA, no problem.

(Link is mangled because it's too long:

http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/ interact/forms.html#h-17.4
rybasso
07-Oct-2005 06:19
If U wish to build POST request depend on form which contains select-multiple use the following js code:

var id = theForm.elements[e].id;

if (theForm.elements[e].type=='select-multiple') {
                for (f=0;f<theForm.elements[e].length;f++) {
                    if(theForm.elements[e].options[f].selected==true)
                         qs+= id+'['+f+']='+escape(theForm.elements[e].options[f].value);
                         qs+=(qs=='')?'':'&';   
                }
            }
dmsuperman at comcast dot net
11-Sep-2005 01:05
Here's a great way to pass JavaScript to PHP without even leaving the page:

<script type="text/javascript">
<!--

function xmlreq(){
  if(window.XMLHttpRequest){
    req = new XMLHttpRequest();
  }else if(window.ActiveXObject){
    req = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
  }
  return(req);
}
function sendPhp(url){
  var req = xmlreq();
  req.onreadystatechange = stateHandler;
  req.open("GET", url, true);
  req.send(null);
}

sendPhp("updatedatabase.php?username=blah&displayname=whatever");
//-->
</script>
fuchs at michaelfuchs dot org
09-Aug-2005 04:54
Here's a new one, which might cause problems for people:

To make my multiple select box contents accessible to both PHP and JavaScript (using getElementById()), I was using both name and id attributes - and naming them the same, for consistency:

<select multiple="multiple" id="bob[]" name="bob[]">

However, I've discovered that - for reasons unknown - using the brackets in the id causes only a single value (rather than multiple values) to get returned to the $_POST['bob'] array. What you want is:

<select multiple="multiple" id="bob" name="bob[]">

Hope this saves some time/frustration.
fib at affordit dot fr
13-Jul-2005 11:26
I was working on a small interface for a client and he wanted a template to be generated dynamically. The issue came up when I had to retrieve the values for an array of text variables. I couldn't find any tutorial to help me out so after a few investigations this is how I made it work:
 
<?php

  $line_class=array();
  $line_item=array();
 
    for ($i=$rows_number;$i>0;$i--)
      {
       $line_class[$i]=$_POST['line_class'.$i.''];
       $line_item[$i]=$_POST['line_item'.$i.''];
      }

?>

 Hope this helps someone ... at least they will do the job sooner than I did :D.
levinb at cs dot rpi dot edu
17-Jun-2005 01:17
Well, I was working on this one project, on the assumption that I could get the values of all elements with the same name from an appropriately named array.  Well, I was *very* disappointed when I couldn't, so I made it so I did anyway.

The following script should convert the raw post data to a $_POST variable, with form data from SELECT elements and their ilk being transformed into an array.  It's heavily unoptimized, and I probably missed something, but it's relatively easy to read.  I welcome corrections.

<?php

if ($_POST) {
        $postdata = file_get_contents('php://input');
       
        $uglybugger = '/(?<=&)([^&=]+)(?:=([^&]*))/';
        $matches = array();

        preg_match_all($uglybugger, $postdata, $matches);

        $_POST = array();

        $match_count = count($matches[0]);
        for ($i = 0; $i < $match_count; $i++) {
                if (!isset($_POST[$matches[1][$i]])) {
                        $_POST[$matches[1][$i]] = array();
                }
                $_POST[$matches[1][$i]][] = $matches[2][$i];
        }
        $match_count = count($_POST);
        for ($i = 0; $i < $match_count; $i++) {
                if (count($_POST[$i]) == 1) {
                        $_POST[$i] = $_POST[$i][0];
                }
        }
}

?>
noah at noah dot org
11-May-2005 02:10
In your action, "random_picker_action.php"
shouldn't you initialize $picks? The code didn't work
for me until I added the line:
    $picks = $_REQUEST['picks'];

Here is the full random_picker_action.php

Yours,
Noah

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
   <title>How to Pass an Array from Javascript to PHP: Action Page</title>
  <!-- File: random_picker_action.php -->
</head>
<body>
<p>
<h3>How to Pass an Array from Javascript to PHP: Action Page</h3>
<?php
  $picks = $_REQUEST['picks'];
  $picks = urldecode(stripslashes($picks));
  echo "<b>JavaScript said: " . $picks . "</b><p>";
  $picks = unserialize($picks);
  if(sizeof($picks) > 0)
  {
   reset($picks);
   echo "You picked the following items:<p>";
   while($item = each($picks))
     echo  $item['value'] . " off, " . str_replace("_", " ", $item['key']) . "<br>";
  }
  else
   echo "You did not pick any items<p>";
?>
</body>
</html>
richard dot prangnell at ntlworld dot com
28-Feb-2005 02:09
Further to my note posted on  26-Feb-2005 at 04:44, I have refined the JavaScript function "send_picks()" to make it more robust and universal. The original version was designed to handle string keys and +ve integer key values only; fine for the original purpose of handling random picks for a shopping cart application but it produced a mal-formed array if any -ve or non-integer key values were submitted. The new version treats both keys and key values as strings, irrespective of the data type; and we all know just how easy it is to manipulate numeric strings as numbers in PHP:-). Key values can now be anything you like; including:
"5"
"2 dozen"
"A gross"
"12.5"
"blue"
and so forth. Here's the updated code:

    <script type="text/javascript">
      function send_picks()
      {
        form1.picks.value="";
        var e, picked = 0;
        for (var i = 0 ; i < form1.elements.length - 2; i++)
        {
          e = form1.elements[i];
          if(e.value != "0" && e.value.length > 0)
          {
            e = form1.elements[i]
            picked++;
                form1.picks.value = form1.picks.value + "s:"
              + e.name.length + ":\"" + e.name + "\";s:"
              + e.value.length + ":\"" + e.value + "\";";
          }
        }
        form1.picks.value = "a:" + picked + ":{" + form1.picks.value + "}";
      }
    </script>

Note the line:
        for (var i = 0 ; i < form1.elements.length - 2; i++)
The  "-2" term is to let the function skip the last 2 elements in the form, a "hidden" input and the "submit" button. No doubt different form layouts will need a different value here.
An incidental bonus is that getting JavaScript to process a floating point input as a string rather than a number avoids the usual rounding errors that tend to turn an input such as "1.2" into a number beginning 1.199999... with about 30 places of decimals - yes, its JavaScript rather than PHP that is responsible for this kind of behaviour.
richard dot prangnell at ntlworld dot com
27-Feb-2005 01:44
The following HTML form page and PHP action page illustrate an elegant and powerful client side JavaScript to server side PHP data transfer technique perfectly matched to PHP's associative array feature. Browse to the form page and select some items by entering an INTEGER > 1 then click on Submit (Don't put strings or reals in the input fields - error trapping has been stripped out for brevity). Try selecting one, some, all or none of the items, changing the names of the form input variables (and the associated labels, for clarity!) or adding to the number of items "on offer". At no point do you need to alter either the JavaScript function or the action page in any way - just be aware that extra coding and error trapping is required - especially where the key values in the application could be something other than integers:

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
    <title>How to Pass an Array from Javascript to PHP: Form Page</title>
  <!-- File: random_picker.php -->
    <script type="text/javascript">
      function send_picks()
      {
        form1.picks.value="";
        var picked = 0;
        for (var i = 0 ; i < form1.elements.length; i++)
        {
          if(form1.elements[i].value > 0)
          {
            e = form1.elements[i]
            picked++;
                form1.picks.value = form1.picks.value + "s:" + e.name.length + ":\""
            + e.name + "\";i:" + e.value + ";";

          }
        }
        form1.picks.value = "a:" + picked + ":{" + form1.picks.value + "}";
      }
    </script>
</head>
<body>
<p>
<h3 align="center">How to Pass an Array from Javascript to PHP: Form Page</h3>
<form name="form1" action="random_picker_action.php" method="post"
  onsubmit="JavaScript:send_picks()">
<table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0">
  <tr><td>Item 13</td>
  <td><input type="text" name="item_13" value="0" size="4"></td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td>Part number 2</td>
  <td><input type="text" name="Part_number_2" value="0" size="4"></td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td>Drawing ref 327</td>
  <td><input type="text" name="Drawing_ref_327" value="0" size="4"></td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td>Organic Carrots</td>
  <td><input type="text" name="Organic_carrots" value="0" size="4"></td>
  </tr>
  <tr><td colspan="2" align="center">
      <input type="submit" value="Submit Picks">
      <input type="hidden" name="picks" value=""></td>
  </tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>

The action page for the above form page is listed below. Notice the really ingenious feature; the form variable is simply unserialized  to turn it into a fully functional PHP array! The action page doesn't need to know anything about "expected" variable names because everything PHP needs to know is right inside the array. Note also that for maximum efficiency only "picked" item data is sent. If no items at all are picked, a perfectly formed empty array is sent:

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
    <title>How to Pass an Array from Javascript to PHP: Action Page</title>
  <!-- File: random_picker_action.php -->
</head>
<body>
<p>
<h3>How to Pass an Array from Javascript to PHP: Action Page</h3>
<?php
  $picks = urldecode(stripslashes($picks));
  echo "<b>JavaScript said: " . $picks . "</b><p>";
  $picks = unserialize($picks);
  if(sizeof($picks) > 0)
  {
    reset($picks);
    echo "You picked the following items:<p>";
    while($item = each($picks))
      echo  $item['value'] . " off, " . str_replace("_", " ", $item['key']) . "<br>";
  }
  else
    echo "You did not pick any items<p>";
?>
</body>
</html>

I hope you find this technique useful - let me know what you think - I can already hear the jaws of Java Jocks dropping!
alberto dot delatorre at gmail dot com
16-Jan-2005 04:41
Other way to make a form with array fields, and use JavaScript features on them, is use both name and id attributes on the field as:

<input type="text" name="myfield[]" id="myfield1"/>
<input type="text" name="myfield[]" id="myfield2"/>
<script language="JavaScript">
document.getElementById("myfield1");
document.getElementById("myfield2");
</script>

This is an easy way to do it. To number the fields, do a simple for structure and you have done.
dreptack at op dot pl
03-Jan-2005 05:37
I needed to post html form through image input element. But my problem was I had to use multiple image-buttons, each one for a single row of form table. Pressing the button was mention to tell script to delete this row from table and also (in the same request) save other data from the form table.
I wrote simple test-script to see what variable I should check for in a script:

I have a html document:

<form action="test.php" method="post">
<input type="image" name="varscalar" src="/images/no.gif" />
<input type="image" name="vararray[12]" src="/images/no.gif" />
</form>

And a php script:
<?php
  if ($_POST) {
    echo "post: <pre>"; print_r($_POST); echo '</pre>';
  }
?>

What I've discovered suprised me a lot!

After hitting on varscalar:

post:
Array
(
    [varscalar_x] => 6
    [varscalar_y] => 7
)

After hitting on upper right corner of vararray:

post:
Array
(
    [vararray] => Array
        (
            [12] => 2
        )

)

This mean when clicking on image-type input element, which name is an array, only y-part of a value is remembered.

The result is the same on: php 4.1.2 on Win98se, php 4.3.9-1 on linux
seec77 at zahav dot net dot il
22-Dec-2004 08:35
Another unfortunate result of appending "[]" to input field names to pass form data in arrays to PHP, is that people will be able to detect you are running PHP. You can tell by the whole documentation section on hiding PHP, that some people might not want the public to know their site is generated with PHP (usually for security reasons), but the "[]" will blow your cover.
So beware! If you are trying to hide PHP, you will have to stay away from passing form data as arrays!
Karen
05-Aug-2004 09:38
I am using code I got from SitePoint that uses stripslashes because of magic quotes...I finally figured out that it kept my html form select multiple field from working correctly even though I was using name="arrName[]" as the field name -- I was only getting the word array as the value, and all the things I tried there was nothing else there. The stripslashes was part of an included include file, so it took me hours to debug.  Hopefully this will help keep others from wasting time.
Jim Granger
19-Jun-2004 02:11
Kenn White wrote:

So for XHTML strict, the bottom line:
 1. form, use id, not name
 2. input, use id if you can, but if you need to use bracketed notation (for example, passing PHP arrays), i.e., foo[], you *MUST* use name for XHTML strict validation.

I don't think they are going to deprecate name entirely. For one thing, to be of any use, radio boxes and occasionally checkboxes must have the same identifying mark, in this case a name. By the rules of the DTD, id's MUST be unique. In that respect, it is probably better to not use id in input elements at all.

Of course, it's a good idea to use ids as sparingly as possible.
ppmm at wuxinan dot net
14-Jun-2004 08:11
3. How do I create arrays in a HTML <form>?

The feature is nice in the sense of simplifying programming. However, this does have side-effect. Look at this URL below:

http://www.php.net/source.php?url[]=/index.php

As a common viewpoint, exposing the absolute filesystem path in the webpage is always a bad thing. I reported this problem at bugs.php.net a few days before and I get a response saying "it's up to programmers". I think it's fair, however, webmaster should really learn to check the variables at the beginning of the script. In the above case, the PHP script should at least check like this:

if (!is_string(url)) die("with some error message");

As what I experienced, many PHP-based websites have this problem. I would think a perfect solution is that PHP does not do this automatic parsing, and when a PHP script expects an array to be posted, they would do something like

parse_http_array($_GET, "url");

only after this point, $_GET['url']) exists. Before this statement, only $_GET['url[]'] is available. Well, I am kind of too demanding I guess, but what I really intended to say is that webmaster should know this problem.
vlad at vkelman dot com
05-Jun-2004 11:04
"4.  How do I get all the results from a select multiple HTML tag?"

I think that behavior of PHP which forces to use [] after a name of 'select' control with multiple attribute specified is very unfortunate. I understand it comes from old times when registerglobals = on was commonly used. But it creates incompatibility between PHP and ASP or other server-side scripting languages. The same HTML page with 'select' control cannot post to PHP and ASP server pages, because ASP does not require [] and automatically recognize when arrays are posted.
Kenn White kennwhite dot nospam at hotmail dot com
14-Mar-2004 01:18
Concerning XHTML Strict and array notation in forms, hopefully the information below will be useful:

If I have a form, name="f", and, say, an input text box, name="user_data[Password]", then in Javascript, to reference it I would do something like:
   
var foo = f['user_data[Password]'].value;

Now, say that in making the switch to XHTML strict, I decide to fully embrace standards compliance, and change my form to id="f", and the input text box to id="user_data[Password]"

Because these have id instead of name, I discover, that all my javascript validation routines just broke.  It seems that I have to now change all my js code to something like:

document.getElementById( 'user_data[Password]' ).focus();

I test this on all the major modern browsers, and it works well.  I'm thinking, Great!  Until I try to validate said page.  It turns out that the bracket characters are invalid in id attributes.  Ack!  So I read this thread:

http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=
UTF-8&th=78dea36fd65d9bbe&seekm=
pqx99.19%24006.13377%40news.ca.inter.net#link11
(link needs to be spliced, sorry)

What does this mean, I start asking myself?  Do I have to abandon my goal to migrate to XHTML strict?  Transitional seems so unsatisfying.  And why bother with a technique that seems to work on most browsers, if it's broken.  Alas, there is hope.

But then I read http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#h-4.10 carefully.  It says "name" is deprecated as a form attribute, but *NOT* specifically as an attribute in form *elements*.  It seems my solution is to use "id" for the form itself, but I can legally use "name" for the individual form components, such as select and text input boxes.  I get the impression that "name" as an attribute is eventually going away completely, but in extensive testing using the W3C validator, it passes "name" on form components, as long as "id" (or, strangely, nothing) is used to denote the form itself.

So for XHTML strict, the bottom line:
 1. form, use id, not name
 2. input, use id if you can, but if you need to use bracketed notation (for example, passing PHP arrays), i.e., foo[], you *MUST* use name for XHTML strict validation.
 
-kenn

kennwhite.nospam@hotmail.com
davis at risingtiger dot net
10-Jan-2004 05:14
I thought this might be useful to fellow PHP heads like myself out there.

I recently came across a need to transfer full fledged mutli-dimensional arrays from PHP to JAVASCRIPT.

So here it is and hopefuly good things come from it.

<?php
function phparray_jscript($array, $jsarray)
{
    function loop_through($array,$dimen,$localarray)
    {
        foreach($array as $key => $value)
        {
            if(is_array($value))
            {
                echo ($localarray.$dimen."[\"$key\"] = new Array();\n");
                loop_through($value,($dimen."[\"".$key."\"]"),$localarray);
            }
            else
            {
                echo ($localarray.$dimen."[\"$key\"] = \"$value\";\n");
            }
        }
    }

    echo "<script language=\"Javascript1.1\">\n";
    echo "var $jsarray = new Array();\n";
    loop_through($array,"",$jsarray);
    echo "</script>";
}
?>
email at njschedules dot com
19-Oct-2003 01:13
If you try to include an XHTML document in a PHP document, you may be including this:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>

which would, of course, be read as PHP code. To avoid this problem, use:

<?php echo "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"iso-8859-1\"?>"; ?>

Hope I can save you from those nasty warning messages :)
04-Oct-2003 07:25
Responding to the suggestion for using this line:

<form onSubmit="selection.name=selection.name + '[]'">

This did not work for me.  I had to make a function makeArray:

function makeArray(selectBox)
{
selectBox.name=selectBox.name + "[]";
}

Then, in the submit button, add this:

onClick='makeArray(this.form.selection)'

I couldn't get anything else to work.

--Rafi
jasonpb at bellsouth dot net
30-Sep-2003 03:29
Another good way for passing javascript to php without having to have a page reload is to use an img tag.

(example)
Add this where you want to collect the vars from
This can also be a .html page
<script language="javascript">
<!--//
// Define variables
if (navigator.appname != 'Netscape') {color= "color="+screen.colorDepth+"&";}
else {color = "color="+screen.pixelDepth+"&";}
avail = "avail="+screen.availwidth+"x"+screen.availheight+"&";
res = "res="+screen.width+"x"+screen.height;
isize = '" width="1" height="1" border="0"';
// Generate img tag
img = '<img name="img"
src="javascript.php?'+color+avail+res+isize+'">';
//Print it to browser
document.write(img);
//-->
</script>

Now you have the javascript vars passed along to the javascript.php page, all thats left is to add a couple lines of php code to gather the info up.

(example)
<?
// Get the vars from the javascript
$res = $_GET['res'];
$avail_res = $_GET['avail'];
$color_depth = $_GET['color'];
// Do something with the info
echo "You Screen's Resolution is $res, Your Available Screen Resolution is $avail_res, and the Color Depth on your screen is $color_depth.";
?>
Thats it!!
Hope it may help someone!
martellare at hotmail dot com
16-Mar-2003 05:28
I do not think you are right about not being able to specify something for the value attribute, but I can see where you would have thought it would fail:

A fair warning about testing to see if a variable exists...
when it comes to strings, the values '' and '0' are interpreted as false when tested this way...

<?php
if ($string) { ... }  //false for $string == '' || $string == '0'
?>

The best practice for testing to see if you received a variable from the form (which in the case of a checkbox, only happens when it is checked) is to test using this...

<?php
if ( isSet($string) ) { ... } //true if and only if the variable is set
?>

The function tests to see if the variable has been set, regardless of its contents.

By the way, if anyone's curious, when you do make a checkbox without specifying the value attribute, the value sent from the form for that checkbox becomes 'on'.  (That's for HTML in general, not PHP-specific).
martellare at hotmail dot com
27-Nov-2002 04:25
A JavaScript Note: Using element indexes to reference form elements can cause problems when you want to add new elements to your form; it can shift the indexes of the elements that are already there.

For example, You've got an array of checkboxes that exist at the beginning of a form:
===================

<FORM>
    <INPUT type="checkbox" name="fruits[]" value="apple">apple
    <INPUT type="checkbox" name="fruits[]" value="orange">orange
    <INPUT type="checkbox" name="fruits[]" value="banana">banana
</FORM>

===================
... These elements could be referenced in JavaScript like so:
===================

<SCRIPT language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
<!--
    var index = 0; //could be 1 or 2 as well
    alert(document.forms[0].elements[index]);
//-->
</SCRIPT>

===================
However, if you added a new textbox before these elements, the checkboxes indexes become 1 - 3 instead of 0 - 2;  That can mess up what ever code you create depending on those indexes.

Instead, try referencing your html arrays in JavaScript this way.  I know it works in Netscape 4 & IE 6, I hope it to some extent is universal...
===================

<SCRIPT language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
<!--
    var message = "";
    for (var i = 0; i < document.forms[0].elements['fruits[]'].length; i++)
    {
        message += "events[" + i + "]: " + document.forms[0].elements['fruits[]'][i].value + "\n";
    }
    alert(message);
//-->
</SCRIPT>

===================
karatidt at web dot de
18-Nov-2002 05:57
this code selects all elements with javascript
and hands them over to an array in php *sorry my english is not good*

javascript:

<script language="JavaScript">
<!--
function SelectAll(combo)
 {
   for (var i=0;i<combo.options.length;i++)
    {
      combo.options[i].selected=true;
    }
 }
//-->
</script>

html code:
<form name="form" action="<?php echo $_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]; ?>" method="post">
<select name="auswahl[]" size="10" multiple>
<option value="bill@ms.com">Bill Gates</option>
<option value="bill@unemployed.com">Bill Clinton</option>
<option value="bart@brat.com">Bart Simpson</option>
<option value="oj@free.com">OJ Simpson</option>
<option value="j@nbc.com">Jay Leno</option>
</select>

<input type="submit" name="submit1"  value="OK" onclick="SelectAll(document.form.elements['auswahl[]'])">
</form>

php code:

$auswahl = $_POST["auswahl"];
       
foreach ($auswahl as $value)
    {
        echo $value."<br>";
    }
bas at cipherware dot nospam dot com
18-Oct-2002 01:52
Ad 3. "How do I create arrays in a HTML <form>?":

You may have problems to access form elements, which have [] in their name, from JavaScript. The following syntax works in IE and Mozilla (Netscape).

index = 0;
theForm = document.forms[0];
theTextField = theForm['elementName[]'][index];
hjncom at hjncom dot net
25-May-2002 07:30
I think '[' and ']' are valid characters for name attributes.

http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/interact/forms.html#h-17.4
-> InputType of 'name' attribute is 'CDATA'(not 'NAME' type)

http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/types.html#h-6.2
-> about CDATA('name' attribute is not 'NAME' type!)
...CDATA is a sequence of characters from the document character set and may include character entities...

http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/sgml/entities.html
--> about character entity references in HTML 4
([ - &#91, ] - &#93)
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